What Causes Cysts in Dogs? Understanding the Triggers and Risk Factors

Cysts in dogs are a common occurrence and can be caused by a variety of factors. These fluid-filled or semi-solid sacs can appear under the skin or within internal organs. While most cysts are benign and harmless, it’s important to understand what causes them and when they may need veterinary attention.

Common Causes of Dog Cysts

1. Inflammation: One of the primary causes of cyst formation is inflammation. When a dog’s skin becomes inflamed due to infection, irritation, or an allergic reaction, the glands or hair follicles can become blocked, leading to cysts.
2. Trauma: Physical injury to the skin can also trigger cysts. If your dog has been scratched, bitten, or injured, the damaged tissue may develop into a cyst as part of the body’s healing process.
3. Clogged Hair Follicles and Skin Glands: Just like in humans, dogs’ hair follicles and sebaceous (oil) glands can become clogged. When these pathways are blocked, fluid or material may build up, leading to the formation of a cyst. This is especially common in dogs with oily skin or in areas where grooming may irritate the skin.
4. Excessive Grooming: Over-grooming, whether through licking or brushing, can sometimes irritate the skin and trigger cysts. Repeated irritation can cause minor trauma to the skin’s surface, leading to blocked follicles or glands, which in turn causes cysts to develop.

Breeds Prone to Cysts

Cysts can form in dogs of any breed or age, but certain breeds have a genetic predisposition. Dogs that are more likely to develop cysts include:

• Cockers Spaniels: Known for their thick coat and sensitive skin, Cocker Spaniels are prone to sebaceous cysts.
• Pugilistas: This breed is predisposed to developing various skin growths, including cysts, especially as they age.
• Golden Retrievers: Their thick double coat and skin conditions make them susceptible to cyst formation.
• Schnauzers: Schnauzers often develop comedones, or “Schnauzer bumps,” which are a type of cyst caused by clogged hair follicles.

Types of Dog Cysts

Cysts can vary in size and appearance, depending on their cause. Some common types include:

• Cistos Sebáceos: These are caused by clogged sebaceous glands and are filled with a waxy substance. They are common in many breeds, especially those with oily skin.
• Cistos Foliculares: These form when hair follicles become blocked, often due to skin infections or excessive grooming.
• Cistos Dermóides: These are congenital and occur when skin layers fail to separate properly during development, leading to a cyst formation.

Treatment and Prevention

Most cysts in dogs are benign and don’t require treatment unless they become infected or grow large enough to cause discomfort. In cases where a cyst becomes painful or bothersome, a veterinarian may recommend draining or surgically removing it. Regular grooming, checking for lumps, and maintaining your dog’s overall skin health can help prevent cysts from forming. If you notice any unusual lumps or bumps on your dog, it’s always best to consult with your veterinarian for a proper diagnosis.

Dog cysts can form for a variety of reasons, including inflammation, trauma, clogged glands, and excessive grooming. While these growths are usually harmless, certain breeds are more prone to cyst formation due to genetic factors. Understanding the causes and knowing when to seek veterinary advice ensures your dog stays healthy and comfortable.