deur TCMVET | 20 november 2024 | Voedsel & Gezondheid
s more pet parents seek innovative solutions to improve the lives of their cancer-stricken dogs, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has emerged as a potential game-changer. Known for its antioxidant and detoxifying properties, NAC is garnering attention as a complementary therapy in the fight against canine cancer. But what makes this compound so special, and how can it transform cancer care for your furry friend? Let’s dive into this groundbreaking approach.
What Is NAC?
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a derivative of the amino acid cysteine. Widely used in human medicine for conditions like acetaminophen poisoning, chronic respiratory issues, and liver support, NAC’s ability to replenish glutathione levels (a master antioxidant in the body) makes it invaluable. In dogs, this translates into enhanced cellular protection and the mitigation of oxidative stress—key factors in cancer progression.
The Science Behind NAC and Cancer
Cancer thrives in environments of chronic inflammation and oxidative damage. NAC’s dual role as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent addresses these root causes, potentially slowing tumor growth and improving overall health. Here’s how NAC can support dogs with cancer:
- Boosting Glutathione Levels
Glutathione is crucial for detoxifying cells and combating oxidative stress. Dogs with cancer often have depleted glutathione levels, leaving them vulnerable to further cellular damage. NAC acts as a precursor, restoring these levels and protecting healthy cells.
- Reducing Inflammation
Chronic inflammation fuels cancer development. NAC’s anti-inflammatory effects can disrupt this vicious cycle, potentially limiting tumor progression.
- Supporting Chemotherapy and Radiation
Cancer treatments often damage healthy cells along with cancerous ones. NAC helps protect normal cells, reducing side effects and improving recovery.
- Het remmen van tumorgroei
Studies have shown that NAC may interfere with pathways that promote tumor cell proliferation, giving it potential as a direct cancer-fighting agent.
- Verbetering van de immuunfunctie
A strong immune system is critical in the fight against cancer. By reducing oxidative stress, NAC helps immune cells function more effectively.
How to Use NAC for Dogs with Cancer
When incorporating NAC into your dog’s cancer care plan, it’s essential to do so under veterinary guidance. Here’s what to consider:
- Dosering: The appropriate dosage depends on your dog’s size, overall health, and specific needs. Always consult your vet for personalized recommendations.
- Form: NAC is available in capsules, powders, and injectable forms. Oral supplements are the most common option for dogs.
- Complementaire therapieën: NAC works best as part of a holistic approach, including a nutrient-rich diet, regular exercise, and other supportive therapies.
Benefits Beyond Cancer
While NAC is primarily discussed for its cancer-related benefits, it also offers other health advantages for dogs:
- Protecting liver function during chemotherapy
- Supporting respiratory health by thinning mucus in conditions like bronchitis
- Enhancing recovery from infections or immune-compromising conditions
Precautions and Side Effects
Although NAC is generally well-tolerated, it’s important to monitor for any adverse effects, such as gastrointestinal upset or allergic reactions. Additionally, NAC’s antioxidant properties may interfere with certain chemotherapy drugs, so timing and coordination with your veterinarian are critical.
A Holistic Vision for Cancer Care
The future of cancer care for dogs lies in integrative approaches that combine traditional treatments with scientifically backed natural therapies like NAC. By addressing the root causes of cancer and supporting overall health, NAC offers hope for a better quality of life and potentially improved outcomes.
This revolutionary compound doesn’t promise miracles, but it does open doors to a new way of thinking about cancer treatment—one that prioritizes your dog’s well-being on every level.
Laatste gedachten
As more research uncovers the potential of NAC, its role in canine cancer care continues to grow. For pet parents seeking innovative ways to support their furry companions, NAC represents a beacon of hope. With proper guidance and a holistic approach, it might just be the missing piece in your dog’s fight against cancer.
deur TCMVET | 18 november 2024 | Voedsel & Gezondheid
When it comes to our furry friends, ensuring their joint health is as vital as meeting their basic needs. Joint supplements are more than just preventive care; they are a bridge to a longer, happier life for pets. But what truly defines the best pet joint supplement? Let’s break away from the ordinary and explore unconventional yet effective solutions that redefine joint health.
Rethinking Joint Care: It’s Not Just About Glucosamine
For years, glucosamine and chondroitin have dominated the pet supplement industry. While they’re effective, relying solely on these ingredients may overlook other innovative solutions. Modern joint supplements are now integrating:
- Omega-3 vetzuren: Known for their anti-inflammatory properties, these can drastically improve joint mobility. Look for supplements that include green-lipped mussel extract, a potent source of omega-3s.
- Turmeric and Curcumin: These natural ingredients are gaining traction as powerful antioxidants that reduce inflammation and slow cartilage breakdown.
- Hyaluronic Acid: Often associated with skincare, this ingredient is now being used in pet supplements to improve joint lubrication, ensuring smoother movement.
Tailoring Joint Care to Your Pet’s Lifestyle
No two pets are the same. Their joint health needs vary based on breed, age, activity level, and even diet. Instead of a one-size-fits-all approach, consider these tailored solutions:
- For Senior Pets: Opt for supplements enriched with collagen and MSM (methylsulfonylmethane) to support cartilage repair and improve mobility.
- For Active Breeds: Look for ingredients that focus on muscle recovery and joint cushioning, such as Boswellia serrata, an herb used in traditional medicine.
- For Small Breeds: Choose supplements in smaller, easy-to-chew forms or liquids that can be added to food for convenience.
Holistic Joint Health: Beyond Supplements
The best joint supplement is only part of the equation. Supporting joint health requires a holistic approach:
- Gewichtsbeheer: Excess weight puts unnecessary strain on joints. A balanced diet complemented by the right supplements ensures your pet maintains an ideal weight.
- Oefening met lage impact: Activities like swimming and controlled walking help maintain joint flexibility without overexertion.
- Regelmatige veterinaire controles: Monitoring your pet’s joint health with a vet helps catch issues early and adapt their care plan.
Innovative Formats: Making Supplements Pet-Friendly
The days of forcing your pet to swallow pills are over. The best supplements now come in:
- Tasty Chews: Flavored options that pets mistake for treats.
- Powder Formulas: Easily mixed with meals, perfect for picky eaters.
- Oil Drops: Convenient for pets with dental issues or those who dislike solids.
DIY Joint Health: Can You Make Your Own Supplement?
If you’re a hands-on pet parent, creating homemade supplements might be an option. Bone broth is an excellent natural source of glucosamine and chondroitin. Combine it with turmeric paste (made with coconut oil and black pepper for absorption), and you’ve got a powerful anti-inflammatory concoction.
However, consult your veterinarian before diving into DIY solutions to ensure proper dosage and compatibility with your pet’s diet.
Spotlight on Unique Ingredients
The pet supplement industry is seeing a rise in unique, science-backed ingredients, such as:
- Astaxanthin: A potent antioxidant that reduces oxidative stress and promotes joint recovery.
- Eggshell Membrane: A natural source of collagen, glucosamine, and hyaluronic acid, it supports cartilage repair and overall joint health.
- Cissus Quadrangularis: A lesser-known herb traditionally used to heal bones and reduce joint pain.
Hoe u het juiste supplement kiest
When shopping for a joint supplement, keep these factors in mind:
- Transparency: Look for brands that disclose all ingredients and their dosages.
- Third-Party Testing: Ensure the product has been tested for safety and efficacy.
- Veterinary Approval: Supplements recommended by vets often have clinical backing.
Conclusion: A Joint Effort for Better Health
The best pet joint supplement is more than just a product—it’s part of a lifestyle commitment to your pet’s well-being. By embracing innovative ingredients, tailoring care to your pet’s needs, and adopting a holistic approach, you can ensure your pet enjoys every leap, run, and tail wag to the fullest.
Remember, the journey to joint health doesn’t have to be ordinary. It’s time to think outside the treat bag and give your pets the care they truly deserve.
deur TCMVET | 14 november 2024 | Voedsel & Gezondheid
As dog owners, we know how important it is to keep our furry companions healthy and happy. However, just like humans, dogs can experience health conditions that affect their mobility and quality of life. One such condition that often goes unnoticed until it becomes severe is hindquarter weakness. If you’ve noticed your dog struggling to rise from a lying position, dragging their back legs, or having difficulty with stairs, hindquarter weakness could be at play. In this article, we’ll explore the causes, symptoms, and potential treatments for hindquarter weakness in dogs, and offer a new perspective on how this condition can be managed.
What Is Hindquarter Weakness?
Hindquarter weakness refers to a decline in strength and coordination in a dog’s back legs or hind end. The hindquarters are essential for many vital functions such as walking, running, climbing stairs, and even sitting. When the muscles or nerves in this area become compromised, your dog may experience a loss of balance, reduced mobility, or even partial paralysis.
Common Causes of Hindquarter Weakness in Dogs
There are several reasons why your dog might be experiencing hindquarter weakness. Some of the most common causes include:
- Degenerative Myelopathy (DM): This progressive neurological condition affects the spinal cord and causes a gradual weakening of the hind limbs. DM typically starts with a subtle dragging of the back paws and worsens over time, eventually leading to complete loss of mobility.
- Hip Dysplasia: A common genetic condition, especially in large breed dogs, hip dysplasia occurs when the hip joint doesn’t develop correctly, causing arthritis, pain, and instability in the back legs.
- Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD): In this condition, the discs in the spine herniate or rupture, putting pressure on the spinal cord. The result is pain, weakness, and difficulty with mobility in the hindquarters.
- Arthritis: Like humans, dogs can suffer from osteoarthritis, which leads to inflammation and pain in the joints. This condition can cause your dog to limp, slow down, and struggle with basic movements like standing or walking.
- Neurological Disorders: In addition to DM, other neurological issues such as infections, tumors, or nerve injuries can also contribute to weakness in the hindquarters.
- Injuries and Trauma: Sometimes, an acute injury, such as a fall or car accident, can result in weakness or paralysis in the back legs.
Symptomen waar u op moet letten
Hindquarter weakness doesn’t always present itself in dramatic ways. Often, it starts with subtle signs that can be easy to overlook. Be on the lookout for:
- Reluctance to move: Your dog might hesitate or refuse to go for walks or play.
- Difficulty rising from a seated or lying position: This is a common early sign, especially in older dogs.
- Dragging paws: When your dog walks, they may drag their back paws or scuff the ground.
- Unstable gait: A dog with hindquarter weakness may wobble, sway, or stumble when walking.
- Pain or stiffness: Limping, whining, or showing signs of discomfort may indicate that your dog is in pain.
- Muscle wasting: If the weakness is caused by a long-term condition, you might notice muscle shrinkage or atrophy in the hindquarters.
Diagnosis: How to Get to the Bottom of Hindquarter Weakness
If you notice any of the above signs, it’s important to consult with a veterinarian. Diagnosing the cause of hindquarter weakness requires a thorough examination, including:
- Fysiek examen: Your vet will assess your dog’s muscle tone, reflexes, and ability to move.
- X-rays or MRI: Imaging can help diagnose conditions like hip dysplasia, spinal issues, or fractures.
- Bloedonderzoeken: In cases of infection or systemic issues, blood tests may be necessary.
- Electromyography (EMG): This test evaluates nerve and muscle function, especially if a neurological disorder is suspected.
Treatment Options: How to Help Your Dog
The treatment for hindquarter weakness depends on the underlying cause. Here’s an overview of potential options:
- Medicijnen: For conditions like arthritis, pain relief medications such as NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) may be prescribed. In cases of degenerative diseases, corticosteroids or other drugs to manage inflammation and nerve function might be considered.
- Fysiotherapie: Just like humans, dogs can benefit from physical therapy. Canine rehabilitation techniques, such as hydrotherapy (swimming), massage, and strength-building exercises, can help improve muscle tone, mobility, and overall quality of life.
- Chirurgische ingreep: In cases where there’s a herniated disc, hip dysplasia, or severe trauma, surgery may be required to relieve pressure on the spine or joints, or to correct the underlying issue.
- Voedingssupplementen: Supplements like glucosamine and chondroitin can help support joint health, while omega-3 fatty acids can reduce inflammation. In some cases, veterinarians may also recommend antioxidants or supplements for nerve regeneration.
- Assistive Devices: Dogs with advanced hindquarter weakness may benefit from mobility aids such as dog wheelchairs, slings, or harnesses to support their movement and prevent falls.
Preventing Hindquarter Weakness in Dogs
While some causes of hindquarter weakness, like genetics or age-related conditions, can’t be prevented, there are steps you can take to reduce the risk:
- Maintain a healthy weight: Obesity puts extra strain on your dog’s joints and muscles, making them more susceptible to arthritis and other mobility issues.
- Exercise regularly: Regular, moderate exercise helps maintain muscle tone, joint health, and overall mobility. Avoid overexerting puppies or elderly dogs, though.
- Provide a balanced diet: A diet rich in essential nutrients, including protein, healthy fats, and vitamins, supports overall muscle and joint health.
- Regelmatige dierenartscontroles: Routine visits to the vet can help detect potential issues early before they become more severe.
The Road Ahead: Helping Your Dog Thrive Despite Hindquarter Weakness
While hindquarter weakness can be a challenging condition for both dogs and their owners, it’s important to remember that with early intervention and the right care, many dogs can continue to lead fulfilling, happy lives. Whether through physical therapy, medication, or lifestyle changes, there are plenty of tools in your arsenal to help your dog regain strength, improve mobility, and enjoy their golden years.
By recognizing the signs early, consulting with your vet, and taking a holistic approach to treatment, you’ll be giving your dog the best chance at a healthier, more active life. And remember, your dog’s tail might not wag as fast as it used to—but with the right care, it can still wag with joy.
deur TCMVET | 14 november 2024 | Voedsel & Gezondheid
As pet owners, we’re constantly on the lookout for natural ways to enhance our dogs’ health and well-being. From fresh food diets to holistic supplements, the options are vast. One supplement that has been gaining attention in recent years is chlorophyll, often hailed as a green powerhouse for both humans and pets alike. But what’s all the buzz about? Let’s dive into the surprising benefits of chlorophyll tablets for dogs and why they might be your pup’s next wellness secret.
What Is Chlorophyll, Anyway?
Chlorophyll is the pigment that gives plants their vibrant green color. More than just an aesthetic feature, chlorophyll plays a key role in photosynthesis, helping plants absorb sunlight and convert it into energy. But it’s not just plants that can benefit from this miracle molecule—chlorophyll has long been celebrated for its health benefits in humans, and now, it’s making waves in the canine health scene too.
Why Chlorophyll Tablets for Dogs?
Chlorophyll in tablet form offers an easy way to introduce this powerful supplement into your dog’s diet. Whether your pup suffers from bad breath, skin irritations, or digestive issues, chlorophyll could help address several common concerns. Here’s why:
- Natural Detoxification Just like humans, dogs can accumulate toxins from their environment, food, and even medications. Chlorophyll is known for its detoxifying properties, helping to flush out impurities from your dog’s system. A regular dose of chlorophyll can assist in neutralizing harmful toxins and promoting better overall health.
- A Breath of Fresh Air We’ve all had to deal with “doggie breath” at some point, but chlorophyll may be the solution you didn’t know you needed. Chlorophyll has natural deodorizing properties that can help freshen up your dog’s breath. It works by neutralizing odors rather than simply masking them, offering a more lasting solution.
- Boosting Digestive Health If your dog suffers from digestive issues like bloating, constipation, or discomfort, chlorophyll might provide some relief. Chlorophyll is rich in magnesium, which can support a healthy gut by promoting better digestion and regular bowel movements. It also has anti-inflammatory properties that can soothe an irritated digestive system.
- Promoting Healthy Skin and Coat A shiny coat and healthy skin are signs of a well-nourished dog, and chlorophyll can play a role in this, too. It is packed with antioxidants that can combat oxidative stress, a major contributor to aging and skin damage. Additionally, chlorophyll can help reduce inflammation associated with common skin conditions like hot spots or dermatitis.
- Improved Immune System The immune-boosting benefits of chlorophyll are well-known, and they apply to dogs as much as to humans. Chlorophyll is rich in vitamins A, C, E, and K, which play crucial roles in strengthening the immune system. Regular intake may help your dog fend off illnesses and recover more quickly from infections.
How to Incorporate Chlorophyll Tablets into Your Dog’s Routine
Introducing a new supplement to your dog’s diet should always be done with care. While chlorophyll tablets are generally safe for dogs, it’s important to consult with your vet before starting any new supplementation regimen. Your vet can help determine the right dosage based on your dog’s weight, age, and health needs.
Chlorophyll tablets are typically easy to administer—simply give them as a treat, hide them in your dog’s food, or mix them with water. Many tablets are designed with palatability in mind, ensuring your dog won’t turn their nose up at the green goodness.
Is Chlorophyll Right for Your Dog?
While chlorophyll tablets offer many potential benefits, they are not a cure-all. It’s essential to remember that each dog is unique, and what works for one may not work for another. Chlorophyll is best used as a supplement to a balanced, nutritious diet, rather than a replacement for veterinary care.
If your dog suffers from chronic health issues or you’re unsure whether chlorophyll is appropriate for their specific needs, it’s always a good idea to discuss it with your vet. They may be able to recommend specific chlorophyll supplements or guide you in finding the best holistic approach to your dog’s health.
Conclusion: A Green Supplement with Big Potential
Chlorophyll tablets are a simple yet powerful addition to your dog’s wellness routine. From freshening breath to boosting immunity, promoting digestive health, and encouraging a shiny coat, these green tablets might just be the secret ingredient you’ve been looking for. So, next time you’re browsing through pet supplements, consider giving chlorophyll a try—it’s a small step towards a healthier, happier pup.
deur TCMVET | 13 november 2024 | Voedsel & Gezondheid
Palmitoylethanolamide, or PEA, is gaining popularity in the world of canine care for its natural pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory properties. Originally discovered as a body-produced fatty acid amide, PEA is an endocannabinoid-like compound found in various tissues, including the brain and immune system. This unique compound, present in foods like eggs and soy, has shown potential benefits in supporting pain management and reducing inflammation in both humans and animals. But what does it mean for our canine companions?
What is PEA, and Why is It Useful for Dogs?
PEA is naturally produced in the bodies of humans and dogs alike as a response to inflammation and pain. As an endogenous compound, PEA works with the endocannabinoid system to help modulate inflammation and pain perception without psychoactive effects. This makes it a safer alternative for pets compared to traditional pharmaceuticals, especially for long-term use.
Key Benefits of PEA for Dogs:
- Pijnstilling: PEA interacts with receptors in the nervous system, providing a natural means of reducing discomfort.
- Ontstekingsremmende eigenschappen: It works on the body’s immune response to decrease inflammation, which can benefit dogs suffering from arthritis, dermatitis, and other inflammatory conditions.
- Improved Quality of Life: By alleviating pain and inflammation, PEA may improve mobility, energy levels, and overall well-being.
How Does PEA Work?
Unlike other pain medications, PEA doesn’t block the pain signals directly. Instead, it works on what’s known as the “entourage effect,” enhancing the natural processes that regulate pain and inflammation. Here’s a simplified look at how it works:
- Interaction with Cannabinoid Receptors: PEA indirectly interacts with cannabinoid receptors (CB2 receptors) in the immune system, promoting a balanced immune response.
- Inhibition of Inflammatory Enzymes: It inhibits enzymes that fuel inflammation, allowing the body’s natural healing processes to work more effectively.
- Mast Cell Stabilization: PEA stabilizes mast cells, which are immune cells that release histamines in response to injury or inflammation, reducing inflammation-related discomfort.
What Conditions Can PEA Help Manage in Dogs?
PEA may benefit dogs with a variety of chronic conditions:
- Arthritis: Its anti-inflammatory effects can help dogs with joint inflammation and stiffness.
- Skin Conditions: Dogs with chronic dermatitis may experience relief from itching and irritation.
- Neurological Conditions: Some research suggests PEA may help dogs with nerve-related pain by calming overactive nerve cells.
- Herstel na de operatie: PEA’s pain-relieving properties may support faster recovery and pain management after surgery.
Using PEA Safely: Dosage and Precautions
PEA is generally well-tolerated, but it’s essential to follow a safe approach:
- Consult a Vet: Always speak with a veterinarian before introducing PEA into your dog’s routine, especially if they’re on other medications.
- Begin langzaam: Introduce PEA in smaller doses and monitor for any reactions. PEA is typically available in tablet, powder, or chewable forms, with dosage recommendations based on body weight.
- Observe and Adjust: Monitor your dog’s response, adjusting dosage as needed under veterinary supervision.
Choosing the Right PEA Supplement for Your Dog
Not all PEA supplements are the same. When selecting a PEA product, look for:
- Purity and Quality: Choose supplements tested for purity and free from contaminants.
- Micronized Form: This form of PEA is more bioavailable, meaning it is absorbed more effectively into your dog’s system.
- Dog-Specific Products: Some brands design PEA specifically for pets, ensuring the correct dosage and formulation.
Final Thoughts: The Future of PEA in Pet Care
As more pet owners seek natural options to enhance their dogs’ lives, PEA stands out as a promising addition. Its multi-faceted approach to pain relief and inflammation management can benefit aging pets, those with chronic conditions, and any dog in need of safe, gentle support for wellness.
With growing research and more pet-specific formulations, PEA may soon become a staple in holistic pet care. Its unique mechanisms and proven safety make it a viable, innovative option for supporting the comfort and vitality of dogs without the side effects of conventional medications.
deur TCMVET | 13 november 2024 | Voedsel & Gezondheid
Just like humans, pets can benefit greatly from probiotics, the “good bacteria” that support gut health, immunity, and overall wellness. While commercial probiotics are popular, natural sources of probiotics are emerging as an effective and holistic approach. This article dives into what natural probiotics are, where they can be found, and how they can enhance your pet’s health naturally.
1. What Are Natural Probiotics for Pets?
- Definition: Natural probiotics are live beneficial bacteria found in naturally fermented foods, herbs, and plants.
- How They Work: These microorganisms help balance the gut microbiome, improve digestion, enhance immune response, and can even positively impact mood.
- Difference from Commercial Probiotics: Natural probiotics are sourced from whole foods and are less processed, offering a closer-to-nature solution.
2. Benefits of Natural Probiotics for Pets:
- Better Digestion: Probiotics can aid in breaking down food, absorbing nutrients, and reducing digestive issues like gas or diarrhea.
- Stronger Immunity: A balanced gut microbiome strengthens the immune system, helping pets fight off infections more effectively.
- Allergy Relief: Regular intake of probiotics can alleviate skin allergies by reducing inflammation in the gut, where many immune responses originate.
- Mood and Behavior: Research shows a connection between gut health and mood, suggesting probiotics can have a calming effect on pets.
3. Sources of Natural Probiotics for Pets:
- Yogurt and Kefir: Plain, unsweetened yogurt and kefir are rich in probiotics like Lactobacillus acidophilus En Bifidobacterium. These can support digestive health if given in small, safe amounts.
- Fermented Vegetables: Small amounts of fermented vegetables like sauerkraut (unsalted) can offer probiotics, but these should be introduced cautiously.
- Apple Cider Vinegar: Raw apple cider vinegar contains enzymes and beneficial bacteria, but it should be diluted before use to prevent digestive upset.
- Herbs and Soil-Based Organisms: Certain herbs like dandelion root and chicory root contain prebiotics, which nourish beneficial bacteria. Additionally, soil-based probiotics found in pet-safe organic soil can naturally support gut health.
4. How to Introduce Natural Probiotics to Your Pet’s Diet
- Begin klein: Introduce small amounts and monitor for any digestive upset or reactions.
- Observe and Adjust: If your pet seems to benefit, gradually increase the frequency or amount as advised by a veterinarian.
- Consistency is Key: Regular, consistent doses of natural probiotics tend to yield the best results, so find a method that works with your pet’s daily routine.
5. When to Consider Natural Probiotics Over Supplements
- For Sensitive Pets: Pets that don’t tolerate commercial probiotic supplements well might respond better to natural sources.
- Post-Antibiotic Treatment: After a round of antibiotics, natural probiotics can help restore the gut microbiome.
- Daily Health Maintenance: If you’re looking for a preventive approach, natural probiotics can be a gentle, effective option for daily health.
6. Safety Tips and Things to Watch Out For
- Avoid Additives: Stick to plain, unflavored, and unsweetened probiotic sources, as additives like sugar and artificial flavors can harm pets.
- Consult Your Vet: Always check with your vet, especially if your pet has any underlying health conditions or allergies.
- Controleer op bijwerkingen: In rare cases, pets may experience mild diarrhea or bloating as their systems adjust to new probiotics.
Conclusie:
Natural probiotics offer a holistic way to boost your pet’s health, supporting digestion, immunity, and even mood. By introducing safe, natural sources of probiotics, you’re providing a more natural path to wellness. With patience and consistency, these natural helpers can become an essential part of your pet’s routine for a happier, healthier life.
Pagina 1 van 1712345678910...»Laatst "
NL 
EN 
EN_GB 
ES 
PL 
PT 
IT 
FR 
DE 
JA 
KO 
ZH 