Understanding Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor (CTVT) in Dogs

Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor (CTVT) is a unique and contagious type of cancer that affects dogs. This article delves into what CTVT is, its transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, providing a comprehensive overview for dog owners and veterinary professionals.

What is Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor (CTVT)?

CTVT, also known as Sticker’s sarcoma, is a transmissible cancer that primarily affects the external genitalia of dogs but can also appear on other mucous membranes, such as the mouth, nose, and eyes. Unlike most cancers that arise from mutations within an individual’s cells, CTVT is spread by the transfer of living cancer cells from one dog to another. These cells take root and grow in the new host, making CTVT one of the few known naturally occurring transmissible cancers.

Transmission of CTVT

CTVT is transmitted through direct contact, typically during mating. The cancerous cells are transferred from an affected dog to a healthy dog via physical contact with the tumors. Other forms of contact, such as sniffing or licking the affected areas, can also lead to transmission. Because of its mode of transmission, CTVT is more commonly seen in stray or free-roaming dogs with uncontrolled breeding.

Symptoms of CTVT

The symptoms of CTVT can vary depending on the tumor’s location but generally include:

1. Genital Tumors: Raised, cauliflower-like masses on the penis, vulva, or other genital areas. These tumors may bleed or ulcerate.
2. Oral Tumors: Masses in the mouth or around the lips, leading to drooling, difficulty eating, and bad breath.
3. Nasal Tumors: Tumors in the nasal cavity can cause sneezing, nasal discharge, and nosebleeds.
4. Eye Tumors: Tumors around the eyes can cause swelling, discharge, and impaired vision.

Diagnosis of CTVT

Diagnosing CTVT involves a combination of physical examination and laboratory tests:

1. 신체 검사: A veterinarian will examine the dog’s external genitalia and other affected areas for characteristic tumors.
2. 세포학: A sample of cells from the tumor is examined under a microscope to identify the presence of CTVT cells.
3. 생검: A tissue sample may be taken and analyzed to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment of CTVT

CTVT is generally responsive to treatment, and several options are available:

1. 화학 요법: Vincristine sulfate is the most commonly used chemotherapy drug for treating CTVT. It is highly effective, with most dogs achieving complete remission after several treatments.
2. 수술: Surgical removal of the tumors can be an option, especially if the tumors are small and localized. However, surgery alone may not be sufficient if the cancer has spread.
3. 방사선 치료: In cases where chemotherapy is not effective or feasible, radiation therapy can be used to target and destroy the cancerous cells.

Prevention of CTVT

Preventing CTVT primarily involves responsible pet ownership and control measures:

1. Spaying and Neutering: Spaying and neutering dogs can reduce the risk of transmission through mating.
2. 정기 수의사 검진: Regular health check-ups can help detect any abnormalities early and prevent the spread of CTVT.
3. Controlling Free-Roaming Dogs: Reducing the population of stray dogs through community programs can help control the spread of CTVT.

결론

Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor (CTVT) is a unique and contagious cancer that primarily affects dogs’ genital areas but can also appear on other mucous membranes. Understanding the symptoms, transmission, and treatment options for CTVT is crucial for dog owners and veterinarians. With proper diagnosis and treatment, most dogs with CTVT can achieve complete remission and lead healthy lives. Responsible pet ownership and community control measures play a vital role in preventing the spread of this transmissible cancer.