por TCMVET | 23 de septiembre de 2024 | Cáncer y tumores en perros
Apocrine gland adenocarcinomas are rare but malignant tumors that originate from the sweat glands. While these tumors are uncommon in domestic animals, they tend to appear most often in older dogs and cats. In this article, we will explore the symptoms, risk factors, and treatment options for apocrine gland adenocarcinomas in dogs, providing valuable information for pet owners to recognize and address this serious condition early.
What Are Apocrine Gland Adenocarcinomas?
Apocrine gland adenocarcinomas are malignant tumors that develop in the sweat glands of dogs. These tumors can appear as thick lumps or ulcers, typically located in areas where the front legs meet the trunk or near the groin. While relatively rare, these adenocarcinomas are aggressive, with a tendency to invade nearby tissues and spread to lymph nodes, making early detection and treatment critical.
Risk Factors and Breeds Prone to Apocrine Gland Adenocarcinomas
Although any dog can develop apocrine gland adenocarcinomas, certain breeds are more susceptible. The most at-risk breeds include:
- Treeing Walker Coonhounds
- Cazadores de alces noruegos
- Pastores alemanes
- Mixed-breed dogs
Older dogs are also more prone to developing these malignant tumors, regardless of breed.
Symptoms to Look For
Recognizing the symptoms of apocrine gland adenocarcinomas is essential for early diagnosis and treatment. Common signs include:
- Thick lumps or nodules on the skin, particularly near the armpits or groin
- Ulcerated areas that may not heal
- Lumps that grow quickly or change in appearance
- Swelling in nearby lymph nodes
- Lethargy or discomfort in affected areas
These tumors often go unnoticed until they have spread, so regular check-ups with a veterinarian are crucial, especially for older or at-risk breeds.
Treatment Options for Apocrine Gland Adenocarcinomas
The primary treatment for apocrine gland adenocarcinomas is complete surgical removal of the tumor. Due to their aggressive nature, these tumors are likely to spread into surrounding tissues and lymph nodes, so surgery must aim to remove as much affected tissue as possible. In some cases, the removal of nearby lymph nodes may also be necessary to prevent further spread.
Unfortunately, little is known about the effectiveness of chemotherapy in treating apocrine gland adenocarcinomas. While chemotherapy may be considered in some cases, especially where the cancer has spread or surgery is not a viable option, it is not currently the primary method of treatment. More research is needed to understand the role of chemotherapy in managing this type of cancer.
Pronóstico
The prognosis for dogs with apocrine gland adenocarcinomas depends largely on the size of the tumor at diagnosis, whether it has spread to other tissues or lymph nodes, and the success of the surgical removal. Early detection offers the best chance for a successful outcome. If caught early and completely removed, some dogs may have a good quality of life after treatment.
Apocrine gland adenocarcinomas are aggressive and malignant tumors that can pose a serious health risk to dogs, especially older dogs and certain breeds like Treeing Walker Coonhounds and Norwegian Elkhounds. Early detection and complete surgical removal are key to improving the prognosis for affected pets. Pet owners should monitor their dogs for any unusual lumps or skin changes, particularly near the armpits and groin, and seek veterinary care if abnormalities are found.
por TCMVET | 23 de septiembre de 2024 | Cáncer y tumores en perros
Apocrine gland cysts and adenomas are common benign conditions seen in middle-aged to older dogs, particularly affecting breeds like the Great Pyrenees, Chow Chows, and Alaskan Malamutes. These cysts and adenomas develop from apocrine glands, which are associated with hair follicles and are found in the skin. This article provides an in-depth look at these conditions, including causes, symptoms, and treatment options.
What are Apocrine Gland Cysts?
Apocrine gland cysts are non-cancerous cysts that occur in the skin of dogs. They are typically seen in the middle to upper skin layers, loosely associated with hair follicles. Apocrine cysts can form on the head, neck, and other areas, often presenting as one or more fluid-filled sacs under the skin. These cysts are usually benign, meaning they do not spread or become cancerous.
There are two forms of apocrine gland cysts:
- Localized Apocrine Cysts: These develop in or near individual hair follicles and are more commonly found on the head and neck of dogs.
- Diffuse Apocrine Cysts: This form involves multiple cysts forming in the apocrine glands associated with multiple hair follicles. They can appear in areas of uninjured skin, making them harder to treat if they become widespread.
While benign, these cysts may sometimes cause discomfort, especially if they grow large or rupture.
What are Apocrine Gland Adenomas?
Apocrine gland adenomas are benign tumors that can arise in the apocrine glands. They appear as firm to soft masses and may contain fluid that ranges in color from clear to brownish. Typically, these cysts are not larger than 1.6 inches (4 centimeters) in diameter. Like apocrine cysts, adenomas are also found on the head, neck, and legs of older dogs, and, in rare cases, cats and horses.
Apocrine adenomas come in two types:
- Apocrine Adenomas: These are solid, benign growths formed by the apocrine glands.
- Apocrine Ductular Adenomas: These involve the ducts of the apocrine glands, leading to cystic formations.
Breeds at Higher Risk
Certain dog breeds are more prone to developing apocrine gland cysts and adenomas. The most commonly affected breeds include:
- Grandes Pirineos
- Chow Chows
- Malamute de Alaska
Older dogs in these breeds are more likely to develop these conditions, though the exact cause remains unknown. Genetics, environmental factors, and age may play a role in their development.
Symptoms to Look For
- Visible cysts or lumps on the head, neck, or legs
- Fluid-filled sacs under the skin
- Soft to firm masses that may vary in size
- Discoloration of the skin or cyst fluid (clear to brown)
- Possible rupture of cysts causing localized inflammation or infection
While these cysts and adenomas are generally painless, they can cause discomfort if they rupture or grow in sensitive areas.
Opciones de tratamiento
The primary treatment for apocrine gland cysts and adenomas is surgical removal. However, this can be challenging, particularly in cases where cysts are diffuse and spread across a larger area of the skin. In localized cases, the surgery is typically straightforward, and the prognosis is excellent after removal.
In situations where surgery is not an option, veterinarians may recommend monitoring the cysts for changes in size or discomfort. If cysts rupture, antibiotics may be required to prevent infection.
Apocrine gland cysts and adenomas in dogs are generally benign and treatable conditions. While they can cause cosmetic issues and occasional discomfort, early detection and treatment can help prevent complications. Owners of at-risk breeds such as Great Pyrenees, Chow Chows, and Alaskan Malamutes should monitor their dogs for the development of these cysts as they age, and consult a veterinarian for proper diagnosis and treatment.
por TCMVET | 22 de septiembre de 2024 | Cáncer y tumores en perros
Los epiteliomas cornificantes, también conocidos como queratoacantomas o acantomas queratinizantes infundibulares, son tumores cutáneos benignos que suelen afectar a perros de mediana edad. Estos tumores se caracterizan por bultos duros y en capas que sobresalen de la piel y pueden parecerse a pequeños cuernos. Si bien generalmente son inofensivos, pueden causar molestias o provocar complicaciones si no se tratan. Este artículo explora las causas, los síntomas y las opciones de tratamiento de los epiteliomas cornificantes en perros.
¿Qué son los epiteliomas cornificantes?
Los epiteliomas cornificantes son tumores benignos que suelen surgir de los folículos pilosos. Estos crecimientos forman nidos de bultos duros y estratificados en la piel, que pueden parecer pequeños cuernos o quistes cornificados. Pueden desarrollarse en cualquier parte del cuerpo del perro, pero se encuentran con mayor frecuencia en la espalda, la cola y las patas. En algunos casos, estos tumores pueden causar irritación, lo que lleva a rascarse o morderse, lo que puede provocar infecciones secundarias o traumatismos en la piel.
Razas con riesgo de epiteliomas cornificantes
Ciertas razas de perros son más propensas a desarrollar epiteliomas cornificantes. Los perros de mediana edad son particularmente susceptibles y las razas específicas con mayor riesgo incluyen:
- Cazadores de alces noruegos
- Perros pastores belgas
- Lhasa Apso
- Collie barbudo
Los perros de alces noruegos y los Lhasa Apso corren un riesgo especial de desarrollar tumores múltiples o una forma más generalizada de la enfermedad.
Síntomas de los epiteliomas cornificantes
El síntoma principal de los epiteliomas cornificantes es la presencia de tumores duros y con forma de cuerno en la piel. Estos tumores pueden variar en tamaño y pueden causar molestias según su ubicación. Algunos síntomas clave incluyen:
- Bultos elevados, similares a cuernos:Los tumores aparecen como crecimientos duros y en capas que sobresalen de la superficie de la piel.
- Quistes cornificados:En algunos casos, los tumores pueden aparecer como quistes cornificados en lugar de cuernos.
- Autotrauma:Los perros pueden rascar, frotar o morder los tumores, lo que provoca traumatismos o ulceraciones.
- Infecciones secundarias:Si los tumores se irritan o se rompen, pueden infectarse.
Causas de los epiteliomas cornificantes
Si bien no se conoce por completo la causa exacta de los epiteliomas cornificantes, lo más probable es que se originen en los folículos pilosos. Los factores genéticos pueden influir en ciertas razas, especialmente en aquellas predispuestas a padecer esta afección. Los factores ambientales, como la irritación o los traumatismos de la piel, también pueden contribuir al desarrollo de estos tumores.
Opciones de tratamiento para los epiteliomas cornificantes
El tratamiento de los epiteliomas cornificantes depende de la gravedad de la afección y de si los tumores causan molestias o complicaciones. En algunos casos, los tumores pueden dejarse sin tratar si no causan ningún problema. Sin embargo, se recomienda el tratamiento en casos de autotraumatismo, ulceración o infección secundaria.
- Extirpación quirúrgica:La extirpación quirúrgica es la opción de tratamiento preferida, especialmente si el perro siente molestias o si los tumores son propensos a infectarse. Sin embargo, es importante tener en cuenta que es probable que los perros desarrollen tumores adicionales con el tiempo.
- Medicamentos retinoides orales:Para los perros con una forma generalizada de la enfermedad, se pueden recetar medicamentos retinoides orales para ayudar a controlar la afección y reducir la aparición de nuevos tumores.
- Supervisión:En los casos en que los tumores no causan ningún problema, se recomienda un seguimiento regular para garantizar que no empeoren ni provoquen complicaciones.
Los epiteliomas cornificantes son tumores benignos que pueden causar molestias y complicaciones en los perros, especialmente en ciertas razas como los perros de caza noruegos y los lhasa apso. Si bien el tratamiento no siempre es necesario, se recomienda la extirpación quirúrgica en los casos en que los tumores provoquen un traumatismo autoinfligido o una infección. Con un tratamiento adecuado, la mayoría de los perros pueden vivir cómodamente con esta afección, aunque pueden desarrollarse tumores adicionales con el tiempo.
por TCMVET | 22 de septiembre de 2024 | Cáncer y tumores en perros
Cutaneous angiosarcomas, also known as angioendotheliomas, are malignant tumors that arise from blood vessels in the skin. These tumors can initially resemble benign hemangiomas but later progress into aggressive malignancies. While they can affect many breeds, dogs with short, white coats and high exposure to sunlight are particularly susceptible. In this article, we will explore the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for cutaneous angiosarcomas in dogs.
What Are Cutaneous Angiosarcomas?
Cutaneous angiosarcomas are rare but aggressive tumors that develop from the blood vessels in the skin. These tumors can appear on various parts of the body, most often affecting the underside of the trunk, hips, thighs, and lower legs in dogs. While they may initially appear harmless, resembling benign hemangiomas, they can become malignant and spread to surrounding tissues.
Breeds Prone to Angiosarcomas
Certain dog breeds are more susceptible to cutaneous angiosarcomas, either due to their coat type or genetic predisposition.
- Sun-Related Risk: Dogs with short, white coats, such as Whippets, Italian Greyhounds, white Boxersy Pit Bull Terriers, are more likely to develop sun-caused angiosarcomas due to their increased exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
- Genetic Risk: Breeds like Perros lobo irlandeses, Vizslas, perros perdigueros de oroy Pastores alemanes are also prone to developing these tumors, although not as a result of sun exposure.
Causes of Cutaneous Angiosarcomas
Sun exposure is a significant risk factor for developing cutaneous angiosarcomas in breeds with short, light-colored coats. Prolonged UV radiation can damage the skin’s cells, leading to mutations that eventually result in tumor formation. In non-sun-related cases, genetic factors likely contribute to the development of angiosarcomas in predisposed breeds.
Symptoms of Cutaneous Angiosarcomas
Cutaneous angiosarcomas may initially present as small, benign-looking lumps on the skin. Over time, these tumors may grow and become more aggressive. Common symptoms include:
- Red or purple bumps: These bumps often resemble bruises or benign hemangiomas.
- ulceración: As the tumor progresses, it may break open and ulcerate, causing discomfort and infection.
- Hinchazón: Localized swelling in the affected area may occur as the tumor grows.
- Rapid growth: These tumors can grow quickly, spreading to nearby tissues.
Treatment Options for Cutaneous Angiosarcomas
The treatment for cutaneous angiosarcomas largely depends on the size and location of the tumor. Early detection and intervention are crucial for successful management. Treatment options include:
- criocirugía: Small surface tumors can often be treated with freezing, a procedure known as cryosurgery. This method effectively destroys the tumor cells with minimal invasiveness.
- Laser Surgery: Laser surgery can also be used to remove small tumors, offering a precise and effective treatment option with a lower risk of scarring.
- Sun Exposure Avoidance: For dogs prone to sun-related angiosarcomas, reducing UV exposure is critical. Limiting time in the sun, applying dog-safe sunscreen, and using protective clothing can help prevent new tumors from forming.
- Long-Term Monitoring: Even after successful treatment, new tumors may develop over time, so long-term monitoring is essential to catch any future growths early.
Cutaneous angiosarcomas are aggressive blood vessel tumors that can significantly impact a dog’s health, particularly for breeds with high sun exposure or genetic predispositions. Early detection and prompt treatment are vital for managing the condition. Pet owners can help reduce their dog’s risk by minimizing sun exposure and seeking veterinary advice at the first sign of any suspicious skin growths.
por TCMVET | 22 de septiembre de 2024 | Cáncer y tumores en perros
Epidermal hamartomas, also known as nevi, are rare skin conditions that appear as dark, pointy bumps on a dog’s skin. While they are benign, these growths can cause cosmetic concerns and are prone to secondary infections, especially in puppies. In this article, we will explore the symptoms, causes, and treatment options for epidermal hamartomas in dogs.
What Are Epidermal Hamartomas?
Epidermal hamartomas are benign skin lesions that form dark, raised bumps, sometimes arranged in a line on the skin. These bumps are typically more common in young dogs and puppies, and while they may look unpleasant, they are not cancerous. However, hamartomas can form pimples or thickened skin folds, leading to discomfort and potential infection.
Symptoms of Epidermal Hamartomas
The primary sign of epidermal hamartomas is the appearance of dark, pointy bumps on the dog’s skin. These growths may vary in size and shape and can present in different forms:
- Pointy, dark bumps: The nevi may be small and dark, appearing as pointed growths on the skin’s surface.
- Pimples or thick skin folds: In some cases, the skin around the hamartoma thickens or forms pimple-like structures.
- Linear arrangement: Occasionally, these bumps appear in a line, which can be a distinguishing feature of the condition.
- Prone to infection: Due to the nature of the growths, they can trap bacteria, leading to secondary infections, particularly if the dog scratches or irritates the area.
Causas y factores de riesgo
While the exact cause of epidermal hamartomas is not always known, several factors contribute to their development:
- Genetics: In certain breeds, such as Cocker Spaniels, epidermal hamartomas may be inherited. This genetic predisposition makes them more likely to develop this condition at a young age.
- Puppies: These skin growths are more frequently observed in puppies, although they can appear in dogs of any age.
Treatment Options for Epidermal Hamartomas
Treatment of epidermal hamartomas largely depends on the size and number of growths. While they are benign, the risk of infection and their unsightly appearance often prompts treatment. Options include:
- Extirpación quirúrgica: Small hamartomas can typically be surgically removed with minimal complications. This is often the preferred option if the nevi are few and localized.
- Drug treatment: For dogs with large or multiple hamartomas, surgical removal may not be feasible. In these cases, medication can help manage the condition. Anti-inflammatory drugs or antibiotics may be prescribed if there is a secondary infection.
- Regular monitoring: For benign lesions that do not cause discomfort or infection, regular monitoring by a veterinarian may be enough to ensure the growths do not worsen.
Epidermal hamartomas are rare, benign skin conditions most commonly seen in puppies and certain breeds, such as Cocker Spaniels. While they are not harmful, their appearance and the risk of infection often make removal or treatment necessary. If you notice unusual bumps or skin changes on your dog, consult a veterinarian to determine the best course of action.
ES 
EN 
EN_GB 
NL 
PL 
PT 
IT 
FR 
DE 
JA 
KO 
ZH 