von TCMVET | Okt 8, 2024 | Krebs und Tumore bei Hunden
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a type of cancer that affects the skin and mucous membranes of pets, particularly in older dogs and cats. While treatments such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy are commonly used, nutrition and lifestyle adjustments play a crucial role in improving the overall health and quality of life of pets battling SCC. In this article, we will explore how diet and lifestyle changes can complement conventional treatments and support pets with squamous cell carcinoma.
Understanding Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Pets
Squamous cell carcinoma arises from the uncontrolled growth of squamous cells, which are found in the outer layer of the skin or the lining of the respiratory and digestive tracts. This cancer is often linked to chronic sun exposure in light-skinned animals, but it can also develop due to other factors such as inflammation, immune suppression, or viral infections.
Early detection and intervention are key to managing this aggressive cancer, but a holistic approach that includes proper nutrition and lifestyle changes can offer additional benefits, helping to enhance immune function, reduce inflammation, and support overall well-being.
The Role of Nutrition in Managing SCC
Diet is a fundamental aspect of managing squamous cell carcinoma in pets. A balanced, nutrient-rich diet can boost the immune system, promote healing, and help prevent cancer recurrence.
- High-Quality Proteins
Protein is essential for tissue repair and supporting the immune system. Lean meats, fish, and plant-based protein sources like lentils or quinoa can provide pets with high-quality protein while minimizing excess fat, which can contribute to inflammation.
- Omega-3-Fettsäuren
Omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil or flaxseed oil have anti-inflammatory properties that may help reduce the progression of cancer. These fatty acids support cellular health, reduce oxidative stress, and improve skin and coat condition.
- Antioxidantienreiche Lebensmittel
Antioxidants such as vitamins A, C, and E help neutralize free radicals, which can cause cellular damage and promote cancer growth. Incorporating antioxidant-rich foods like blueberries, carrots, and spinach can help support immune function and reduce the risk of tumor development.
- Pflanzliche Nahrungsergänzungsmittel
Certain herbs used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) can complement cancer management by improving blood circulation and supporting detoxification. For example, Szechuan-Liebstöckel (Chuanxiong) promotes blood flow and helps prevent the formation of blood clots, while Scrophularia (Figworts) is known for its anti-tumor properties and immune-boosting benefits. These herbs should always be used under the guidance of a holistic veterinarian or a TCM expert.
Lifestyle Adjustments to Support Cancer Management
In addition to dietary changes, certain lifestyle modifications can greatly impact your pet’s comfort and longevity during their battle with SCC.
- Sonnenschutz
Since UV exposure is a significant risk factor for SCC, especially in light-skinned animals, it’s essential to limit your pet’s time in direct sunlight. Consider using pet-safe sunscreens or protective clothing to shield vulnerable areas from harmful rays.
- Bewegung und Gewichtskontrolle
Maintaining a healthy weight is crucial for pets with cancer, as obesity can exacerbate inflammation and weaken the immune system. Gentle, regular exercise can help keep your pet active and maintain muscle mass, which is important for overall health and mobility.
- Stressreduzierung
Chronic stress can negatively impact your pet’s immune system, making it harder for them to fight off disease. Creating a calm, stress-free environment and spending quality time with your pet can help reduce anxiety and improve their mental and emotional well-being.
Managing squamous cell carcinoma in pets requires a comprehensive approach that includes medical treatment, dietary adjustments, and lifestyle changes. By incorporating a nutrient-dense diet rich in proteins, omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and herbal supplements like Szechuan lovage and Scrophularia, you can support your pet’s overall health. Additionally, providing a stress-free, protective environment can enhance their quality of life, helping them feel more comfortable and supported throughout their cancer journey. Always consult with your veterinarian or a holistic pet health expert before making any changes to your pet’s diet or lifestyle.
von TCMVET | 7. Oktober 2024 | Krebs und Tumore bei Hunden
Discovering a tumor on your dog’s paw can be alarming, but understanding the causes, symptoms, and available treatments can help you manage the situation effectively. Tumors on a dog’s paws can range from benign growths to more serious cancerous conditions. Early detection and prompt treatment are critical to ensuring your dog’s well-being. In this guide, we’ll cover the types of tumors that can affect your dog’s paws, the warning signs to watch for, and treatment options to help your dog stay healthy.
Types of Tumors Found on Dog Paws
- Fibrosarkome
Fibrosarcomas are malignant tumors that develop in the connective tissue of a dog’s paw. These tumors can be invasive and are often slow-growing, but they can spread to other areas if left untreated. Fibrosarcomas can cause swelling, pain, and difficulty walking, making it important to seek veterinary attention at the first sign of trouble.
- Histiozytome
Histiocytomas are benign tumors commonly found in young dogs. These small, red growths usually appear on the paws or around the toes and are often self-limiting, meaning they may disappear on their own. Although histiocytomas are not harmful, it’s still a good idea to have them checked by a vet to rule out more serious conditions.
- Interdigital Cysts
While not technically tumors, interdigital cysts are painful lumps that form between a dog’s toes and can be mistaken for tumors. These cysts are often caused by ingrown hairs or foreign objects embedded in the paw. Interdigital cysts can become infected and require medical treatment to alleviate discomfort.
- Plasmozytome
Plasmacytomas are relatively rare tumors that can develop on a dog’s paw pads. These tumors are typically benign but can become problematic if they grow large or cause discomfort. Surgical removal is often the best option for treating plasmacytomas, especially if they interfere with walking or cause pain.
Symptoms of Paw Tumors in Dogs
Paw tumors in dogs can present a range of symptoms, and it’s important to monitor your pet closely for any signs of discomfort or unusual growths. Common symptoms include:
- Swelling or lumps on the paw pads or between the toes
- Limping or favoring one leg
- Excessive licking or biting at the affected paw
- Bleeding or discharge from a lump
- Changes in nail appearance or growth
If you notice any of these symptoms, consult your veterinarian for a thorough examination.
Treatment Options for Tumors on Dog Paws
- Operative Entfernung
Surgery is often the first line of treatment for tumors on a dog’s paws, especially if the growth is malignant or causing discomfort. Depending on the location and size of the tumor, your veterinarian may recommend removing the tumor and surrounding tissue. In more severe cases, amputation of the affected toe may be necessary to prevent the spread of cancer.
- Kryotherapie
Cryotherapy is a non-invasive treatment that involves freezing small, benign tumors like histiocytomas. This method is less traumatic than surgery and can be an effective option for treating superficial tumors without the need for anesthesia.
- Strahlentherapie
For dogs with malignant tumors that are difficult to remove surgically, radiation therapy may be used to shrink the tumor or slow its growth. This treatment is often combined with surgery to ensure the best possible outcome and reduce the risk of recurrence.
- Chemotherapie
Chemotherapy is commonly used in cases of aggressive cancer, such as fibrosarcoma or melanoma, when the tumor has spread beyond the paw. While chemotherapy can help control the spread of cancer, it may come with side effects such as fatigue, nausea, and decreased appetite. Your vet will weigh the risks and benefits of chemotherapy for your dog’s specific condition.
- Pflanzliche und natürliche Heilmittel
Some pet owners explore holistic approaches to support their dog’s recovery from paw tumors. Chinese herbs, nutritional supplements, and immune-boosting diets can complement traditional treatments and improve overall health. Always consult with a veterinarian before using alternative therapies to ensure they are safe and appropriate for your dog’s condition.
Preventing Tumors on Dog Paws
While not all tumors can be prevented, there are steps you can take to minimize the risk:
- Regular Paw Checks: Routinely inspect your dog’s paws for any unusual lumps, swelling, or injuries.
- Gesunde Ernährung: Feeding your dog a well-balanced diet rich in antioxidants may help reduce the risk of cancer by supporting their immune system.
- Übung: Keep your dog active and maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on their joints and paws.
- Avoid Environmental Toxins: Limit your dog’s exposure to chemicals and toxins that may contribute to the development of tumors.
Tumors on dog paws can vary from benign growths to serious cancerous conditions, but early detection and treatment can make all the difference in your pet’s quality of life. By understanding the types of tumors that may affect your dog and knowing the symptoms to watch for, you can take proactive steps to protect your dog’s health. Regular veterinary check-ups and paw inspections, combined with a healthy lifestyle, are key to keeping your dog happy and tumor-free.
von TCMVET | 7. Oktober 2024 | Krebs und Tumore bei Hunden
Krebs ist ein häufiges Gesundheitsproblem bei Hunden, aber wussten Sie, dass bestimmte Rassen anfälliger für Krebs sind als andere? Das Verständnis des Zusammenhangs zwischen Rasse und Krebsrisiko kann Tierbesitzern helfen, proaktive Schritte zu unternehmen, um das Wohlbefinden ihres Hundes zu gewährleisten. In diesem Artikel untersuchen wir, welche Rassen anfälliger für Krebs sind und wie man frühe Warnzeichen erkennt.
Hunderassen mit hohem Krebsrisiko
- Deutsche Schäferhunde
Deutsche Schäferhunde sind starke und aktive Hunde, aber sie haben auch ein höheres Risiko, an Hämangiosarkomen zu erkranken, einer Krebsart, die die Blutgefäße befällt. Dieser Krebs tritt häufig in der Milz oder im Herzen auf und kann schnell fortschreiten. Regelmäßige Kontrolluntersuchungen und Überwachung auf Anzeichen von Lethargie oder Kollaps sind für eine frühzeitige Erkennung entscheidend.
- Deutsche Doggen
Aufgrund ihrer Größe sind Deutsche Doggen anfälliger für Knochenkrebs, auch Osteosarkom genannt. Dieser aggressive Krebs befällt häufig die Beine und kann Symptome wie Lahmheit oder Schwellungen im betroffenen Bereich aufweisen. Eine frühzeitige Diagnose kann die Behandlungsergebnisse verbessern, daher ist es wichtig, bei den ersten Anzeichen von Hinken einen Tierarzt aufzusuchen.
- Cocker Spaniels
Bei Cocker Spaniels treten Brusttumore häufiger auf, insbesondere bei unkastrierten Hündinnen. Diese Tumore können gutartig oder bösartig sein, daher ist es wichtig, alle Knoten von einem Tierarzt untersuchen zu lassen. Eine frühe Kastration von Hündinnen verringert das Risiko, an Brustkrebs zu erkranken, erheblich.
- Beagles
Beagles sind für ihre Langlebigkeit bekannt, aber sie sind auch anfällig für Schilddrüsenkrebs. Diese Krebsart kann zu Appetit-, Energie- und Gewichtsveränderungen bei Hunden führen. Regelmäßige Blutuntersuchungen und körperliche Untersuchungen können helfen, Schilddrüsenprobleme zu erkennen, bevor sie ernster werden.
- Labrador Retriever
Labrador Retriever sind im Allgemeinen gesund, entwickeln jedoch häufiger Lymphome, eine Krebserkrankung des Lymphsystems. Lymphome können sich als geschwollene Lymphknoten, Lethargie oder verminderter Appetit äußern. Eine Chemotherapie ist bei der Behandlung von Lymphomen häufig wirksam, insbesondere wenn sie frühzeitig erkannt werden.
Frühe Anzeichen von Krebs bei Hunden erkennen
Unabhängig von der Rasse kann Krebs jeden Hund treffen, und eine frühzeitige Erkennung ist der Schlüssel zur Verbesserung der Chancen auf eine erfolgreiche Behandlung. Hier sind häufige Warnzeichen, die jeder Hundebesitzer kennen sollte:
- Ungewöhnliche Knoten oder Wucherungen
- Hartnäckige Wunden, die nicht heilen
- Appetitlosigkeit oder plötzlicher Gewichtsverlust
- Atembeschwerden oder Husten
- Veränderungen der Toilettengewohnheiten (Urinieren oder Stuhlgang)
Wenn Sie eines dieser Symptome bemerken, sollten Sie umgehend Ihren Tierarzt zur weiteren Untersuchung aufsuchen.
Reduzierung des Krebsrisikos bei Hunden
Obwohl die Genetik eine große Rolle bei der Krebsgefahr spielt, können Tierbesitzer Maßnahmen ergreifen, um das Krebsrisiko ihres Hundes zu senken. Hier sind einige proaktive Maßnahmen:
- Lassen Sie Ihren Hund kastrieren oder sterilisieren: Das Sterilisieren von Hündinnen vor der ersten Läufigkeit verringert das Brustkrebsrisiko, während die Kastration von Rüden das Risiko von Hodenkrebs eliminiert.
- Achten Sie auf eine gesunde Ernährung: Eine ausgewogene Ernährung, die reich an Nährstoffen und Antioxidantien ist, kann das Immunsystem Ihres Hundes unterstützen und das Krebsrisiko senken.
- Treiben Sie regelmäßig Sport: Regelmäßige körperliche Aktivität hält Ihren Hund nicht nur fit, sondern trägt auch zur Erhaltung eines gesunden Immunsystems bei.
- Regelmäßige Tierarztuntersuchungen: Durch jährliche oder halbjährliche Tierarztbesuche können Anomalien frühzeitig erkannt werden, was für den Erfolg einer Krebsbehandlung von entscheidender Bedeutung sein kann.
Wenn Sie das rassespezifische Krebsrisiko Ihres Hundes kennen, können Sie die notwendigen Vorkehrungen treffen, um die Gesundheit Ihres Haustieres zu erhalten. Regelmäßige Tierarztbesuche, eine ausgewogene Ernährung und ein wachsames Auge auf Verhaltensänderungen Ihres Hundes können zu einer frühzeitigen Erkennung und erfolgreichen Behandlung beitragen. Unabhängig davon, ob Ihr Hund einer Rasse angehört, die für ein höheres Krebsrisiko bekannt ist oder nicht, ist es wichtig, proaktiv auf seine Gesundheit zu achten.
von TCMVET | 7. Oktober 2024 | Krebs und Tumore bei Hunden
Pet tumor surgery is a common treatment option for pets diagnosed with tumors, including both benign and malignant growths. As a pet owner, understanding the advantages and disadvantages of this procedure is crucial in making an informed decision. In this article, we will explore the pros and cons of tumor surgery for pets to help you determine if it’s the right course of action for your furry companion.
Advantages of Pet Tumor Surgery
- Potential for Complete Tumor Removal
One of the primary advantages of pet tumor surgery is the possibility of removing the tumor entirely, especially if it is detected early. Complete removal can prevent the tumor from growing or spreading to other parts of the body, which is critical in the case of malignant tumors.
- Verbesserte Lebensqualität
Surgery can significantly enhance your pet’s quality of life. If the tumor is causing discomfort, pain, or restricting movement, its removal can alleviate these symptoms and allow your pet to return to normal activities.
- Reduced Risk of Tumor Metastasis
For malignant tumors, early surgical intervention can prevent metastasis, the spread of cancer cells to other organs or tissues. This can increase the chances of a longer and healthier life for your pet.
- Diagnostic Value
Tumor surgery often involves a biopsy, which provides valuable diagnostic information. A biopsy helps determine whether the tumor is benign or malignant and guides further treatment decisions, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
Disadvantages of Pet Tumor Surgery
- Surgical Risks
Like any surgical procedure, pet tumor surgery carries inherent risks, including infection, anesthesia complications, and post-surgical bleeding. Older pets or those with underlying health conditions may face increased surgical risks.
- Possibility of Tumor Recurrence
While surgery may successfully remove the tumor, there is always a risk of recurrence, especially with malignant tumors. Even with clean margins, cancer cells might still remain, necessitating additional treatments like chemotherapy.
- High Costs
Pet tumor surgery can be expensive, particularly if it involves complex procedures or post-operative care. In addition to surgery costs, follow-up treatments such as radiation, chemotherapy, or regular monitoring can add to the financial burden.
- Extended Recovery Time
Pets undergoing tumor surgery require time to heal. Recovery can be physically taxing, and some pets may experience discomfort or complications during the healing process, which may require additional veterinary visits.
Deciding whether to opt for tumor surgery for your pet is a challenging and deeply personal decision. While the surgery can offer life-saving benefits, it also comes with potential risks and financial considerations. Consulting with your veterinarian to weigh the specific pros and cons based on your pet’s health, tumor type, and overall prognosis is essential in making the best choice for your beloved companion.
von TCMVET | 6. Oktober 2024 | Krebs und Tumore bei Hunden
Swollen lymph nodes in a dog’s neck can be one of the earliest signs that something is wrong with their health. Whether it’s due to an infection, inflammation, or even more serious conditions like lymphoma, recognizing the changes in neck lymph nodes is essential for early detection and treatment. Pet owners must understand the role lymph nodes play and how to address any abnormalities promptly to safeguard their dog’s health.
What Are Lymph Nodes, and Why Are They Important?
Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped glands that are part of the lymphatic system. They help filter lymph fluid, trapping bacteria, viruses, and other harmful particles. Lymph nodes are present throughout a dog’s body, but the ones located in the neck—submandibular and prescapular lymph nodes—are often the most noticeable when swollen.
A dog’s lymphatic system is essential for immune function, as it transports white blood cells to areas of infection or inflammation. If a lymph node in your dog’s neck becomes enlarged, it typically indicates that their body is actively fighting something, and further investigation may be needed to understand the root cause.
Early Warning Signs of Swollen Lymph Nodes in Dogs
Detecting swollen neck lymph nodes in dogs is often one of the earliest signs of illness. Here are some key symptoms to look for:
- Swelling in the Neck Area: The most noticeable sign is a lump or swelling under the jaw or near the shoulder blades. The lymph nodes in these regions may feel firm or enlarged when gently palpated.
- Müdigkeit und Lethargie: Dogs with swollen lymph nodes may exhibit signs of fatigue or reduced energy, especially if an infection or illness is causing their immune system to work overtime.
- Appetitverlust: If your dog seems uninterested in food or is eating less than usual, this could be another indication of an underlying health problem associated with swollen lymph nodes.
- Fieber: Lymph node swelling is often accompanied by fever as the body attempts to fight off infection. If your dog feels warm to the touch or exhibits other signs of fever, contact your veterinarian.
- Coughing or Difficulty Swallowing: In some cases, swollen lymph nodes in the neck can press against the throat or windpipe, making swallowing or breathing difficult. This could result in coughing or changes in your dog’s voice or bark.
Common Causes of Swollen Neck Lymph Nodes in Dogs
Swollen neck lymph nodes can be caused by a variety of conditions, ranging from minor infections to more severe health problems. Here are some of the most common causes:
- Infections: Bacterial or viral infections, such as an upper respiratory infection or dental disease, can cause the lymph nodes to swell as the body fights off the pathogens.
- Allergic Reactions: An allergic reaction to food, medication, or environmental factors can cause inflammation and result in swollen lymph nodes.
- Autoimmunerkrankungen: Conditions where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body, such as lupus, can trigger lymph node swelling.
- Cancer (Lymphoma): Lymphoma is a common form of cancer in dogs that primarily affects the lymphatic system. It causes rapid, often painful swelling of the lymph nodes, particularly in the neck, chest, and abdomen.
- Parasitic Infections: Fleas, ticks, and other parasites can trigger an immune response that results in swollen lymph nodes as the body tries to eliminate the invaders.
Diagnosing Swollen Lymph Nodes in Dogs
If you notice swelling in your dog’s neck lymph nodes, a visit to the veterinarian is essential. The vet will perform a physical examination and may recommend additional diagnostic tests, such as:
- Feinnadelaspiration (FNA): This procedure involves extracting a small sample of cells from the swollen lymph node to examine under a microscope. It’s a minimally invasive test often used to detect infections or cancer.
- Blut Arbeit: Blood tests can help identify infections, immune disorders, or signs of cancer.
- Bildgebung: X-rays or ultrasounds may be used to assess the lymph nodes and other affected areas, especially if cancer is suspected.
How to Address Swollen Lymph Nodes in Dogs
Once your veterinarian determines the cause of the swollen lymph nodes, treatment will focus on addressing the underlying issue:
- Antibiotics or Antiviral Medications: If the swelling is due to an infection, antibiotics or antiviral drugs may be prescribed to clear the infection and reduce inflammation.
- Steroids or Anti-Inflammatory Medications: In cases of autoimmune disease or allergic reactions, medications may be used to suppress the immune system and reduce swelling.
- Krebsbehandlung: If the cause is cancer, such as lymphoma, your veterinarian may recommend treatments like chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery, depending on the stage and severity of the condition.
- Unterstützende Pflege: In some cases, supportive care, such as a specialized diet, supplements, or immune-boosting therapies, can help your dog recover from the underlying illness.
Swollen neck lymph nodes in dogs can be a sign of various underlying health conditions, ranging from infections to serious diseases like cancer. Early detection is key to ensuring that your dog receives timely treatment and care. By regularly checking your dog’s neck for any abnormalities and staying vigilant for other symptoms, you can help catch potential health issues early and improve your dog’s overall well-being.
von TCMVET | 6. Oktober 2024 | Krebs und Tumore bei Hunden
Cancer is a leading health concern for dogs, and early detection can significantly improve the chances of successful treatment. While physical symptoms like lumps or weight loss are common signs, often the earliest indicators of cancer can be found through abnormalities in blood tests. Regular blood work is a critical tool for monitoring your dog’s health, and understanding these key abnormalities can help you spot cancer in its early stages.
The Importance of Blood Tests in Canine Cancer Detection
Routine blood tests provide valuable insights into your dog’s overall health and can reveal changes in blood cell counts, organ function, and other critical markers that may indicate the presence of cancer. A veterinarian can analyze a complete blood count (CBC) and biochemistry panel to identify any red flags that warrant further investigation.
Key Blood Abnormalities to Watch For in Canine Cancer
- Anämie: Anemia occurs when there is a decrease in red blood cells (RBCs), which are responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. Certain cancers, such as lymphoma or leukemia, can cause anemia by directly affecting bone marrow function or through internal bleeding caused by tumors. Symptoms of anemia in dogs may include lethargy, weakness, and pale gums, and this condition is often detected through low RBC counts in blood tests.
- Leukocytosis (Elevated White Blood Cell Count):
An elevated white blood cell (WBC) count can be a sign that the body is fighting off an infection or, in some cases, cancer. Certain cancers like lymphoma and leukemia directly affect white blood cells. A blood test showing elevated WBC levels could indicate inflammation, infection, or the presence of cancerous cells. Persistent high WBC counts often require further diagnostic testing.
- Thrombocytopenia (Low Platelet Count):
Platelets help with blood clotting, and a low platelet count, known as thrombocytopenia, may signal an underlying cancer. This is often seen in dogs with cancers that affect the bone marrow, such as leukemia, or tumors that interfere with normal blood clotting. Dogs with low platelet counts may show signs of bruising, nosebleeds, or prolonged bleeding from minor cuts.
- Hypercalcemia (Elevated Calcium Levels):
High levels of calcium in the blood, or hypercalcemia, can be a hallmark of certain cancers, such as lymphoma, multiple myeloma, or anal sac carcinoma. Elevated calcium levels can lead to symptoms like excessive thirst, increased urination, lethargy, and vomiting. Blood tests can quickly identify hypercalcemia, which may prompt further testing for cancer.
- Increased Liver Enzymes:
If your dog’s blood test shows elevated liver enzymes, it may be an indication of liver disease or cancer. Primary liver cancer or metastasis to the liver from other cancers can lead to abnormalities in these enzyme levels. Common signs of liver-related issues include jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes), appetite loss, and abdominal swelling.
- Elevated Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and Creatinine:
High levels of BUN and creatinine in blood tests often point to kidney dysfunction, which can be caused by tumors in the kidneys or cancers that affect kidney function. Kidney cancer, while less common, can lead to a variety of symptoms such as excessive thirst, increased urination, weight loss, and poor coat condition.
When to Seek Veterinary Attention
If your dog’s routine blood work shows any of these abnormalities, it is essential to consult your veterinarian immediately. While these indicators don’t always point to cancer, they do suggest that further testing may be necessary. Early diagnosis is key to increasing the effectiveness of treatment, so catching these signs as early as possible can make a significant difference in your dog’s prognosis.
How Often Should Dogs Have Blood Tests?
For older dogs or those with a history of cancer or other chronic conditions, regular blood tests are critical. Most veterinarians recommend annual or bi-annual blood tests for middle-aged and senior dogs, but the frequency may increase if your dog is showing signs of illness or has been diagnosed with a condition that requires close monitoring.
Understanding the importance of blood tests in detecting cancer early can empower dog owners to take an active role in their pet’s health. By staying vigilant about key blood abnormalities such as anemia, leukocytosis, and elevated calcium levels, you can catch potential warning signs of cancer early. Regular veterinary check-ups and blood tests are essential tools in safeguarding your dog’s health and ensuring they live a longer, healthier life.
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